Serendipity

Unit 15, Activity 2

Index Activity 3

Sentence Structure: Gerunds and infinitives

We can begin a sentence with an -ING verb. In this case, it is a gerund and it acts as the subject:

Losing weight is hard to do.

In the next example, the -ING verb is a present participle, indicating two things going on at the same time. Note the use of the comma:

Walking in the forest, I listened to the sounds of the birds.

This second example is really a short form of this sentence:

While I was walking in the forest, I listened to the sounds of the birds.

Here is another example:

Driving through town, I noticed the new construction site.
(While I was driving through town, I noticed the new construction site.)

We can begin a sentence with an infinitive (to + verb). The infinitive can be the subject:

To err is human.

We can start a sentence with an infinitive clause if it shows purpose:

To make a tasty cake, you need a lot of butter.

We can also use ‘in order to’:

In order to make a tasty cake, you need a lot of butter.

Note the comma usage. The subject of the sentence is ‘you’. Or in other words:

You need a lot of butter to make a tasty cake.

Notes

More practice on this gerunds and infinitives here.